Solid

Nd:YAG

YAG (yttrium, aluminum, garnet)

Basic wavelength (1064 Nm)

• Mainly used for general-purpose engraving

Double frequency (532 Nm) (green laser)

• Used for engraving on materials such as silicon wafers

  Used for fine printing and processing

Triple frequency (355 Nm) (UV laser)

• Used for ultra-fine processing such as LCD printing, repair processing, VIA via processing

  LCD repair process … the process of removing the resin coating for repair

  VIA via processing … hole processing of printed circuit boards

YAG laser (Nd:YAG)

YAG lasers are commonly used in various marking applications, such as marking on plastic and metal workpieces, as well as machining applications. YAG lasers emit an invisible near-infrared beam with a wavelength of 1064 nm.
YAG is a solid yttrium aluminum garnet with a crystal structure. After adding a luminescent element, in this case Nd (neodymium), the YAG crystal enters an excited state after absorbing the light emitted by the laser diode.

Nd:YVO₄ (1064 nm)

YVO₄ (yttrium vanadate)

• Used for ultra-fine text marking

  High peak energy obtained by high Q-switching frequency

  Good energy conversion efficiency

YVO₄ Laser (Nd:YVO₄)

YVO₄ Laser can be used for ultra-fine marking and machining applications. The YVO₄ laser emits an invisible near-infrared beam at a wavelength of 1064 nm, the same as the YAG laser.
YVO₄ is a Y(yttrium)V(vanadium)O4(oxide), or YVO₄(yttrium vanadate) solid with a crystal structure. After the addition of a luminescent element, in this case Nd (neodymium), the YAG crystal enters an excited state after absorbing the light from the laser diode.

Yb: Fiber (1090 nm)

Yb (Yttrium)

• For high-output imprinting

  The surface area of ​​the amplification medium is very large, and high output can be easily achieved

  High cooling efficiency, which can simplify cooling equipment and achieve miniaturization

LD (650 to 905 nm)

• Semiconductor laser (GaAs, GaAlAs, GaInAs)

Gases

CO₂ (10.6μm)

• For machining equipment, marking, laser surgery

CO₂ Laser

CO₂ Laser is mainly used for machining and marking applications.
CO₂ Laser emits an invisible infrared beam with a wavelength of 10.6μm. N2 nitrogen can be used to increase the energy level of CO₂ , and helium can be used to stabilize the energy level of CO₂ .

He-Ne laser (630 nm)
Generally (red)

• Used for measuring instruments (shape measurement, etc.)

  Used for common laser measuring instruments on the market (used for shape measurement, etc. because of low output power)

Excimer laser (193 nm)

• Used for semiconductor light leakage equipment and ophthalmic medical treatment

  Laser can be generated with a relatively simple structure by mixing inert gas and halogen gas

  Deep ultraviolet laser (DUV) has a very high absorption rate

  (In ophthalmology, vision is corrected by evaporating the lens and focusing on the retina)

Argon laser (488 to 514 nm)

• Used in physics and chemistry

  Can produce various colors, mainly used in biological research

Liquids

Dye (330 to 1300 nm)

 

• Used in physics and chemistry

  The laser makes the stimulated pigment emit fluorescence

Wavelength: 10600 nm

The wavelength of CO₂ laser is ten times longer than that of YAG, YVO₄ or fiber laser. This is the longest wavelength among the widely used industrial lasers. As the name suggests, it is produced by exciting CO₂  gas as the laser medium.

Typical characteristics of lasers in the 10600nm wavelength region

• Not absorbed by metals
• The object may melt or burn due to heat transfer at long wavelengths.
• Transparent objects such as glass and PET can be processed.
• CO₂  lasers have difficulty in achieving color contrast printing on resins compared to lasers with basic wavelengths.

Wavelength: 1064 nm

IR is the abbreviation of Infrared Ray, and its wavelength is the most widely used wavelength in laser processing. As the name suggests, IR is the spectrum of the area outside the red region, (that is,) the wavelength of IR is greater than 780 Nm and cannot be seen with the naked eye. But it is not equal to IR, which is 1064 Nm.

General characteristics of lasers in the 1064 nm wavelength region

• Wide range of processing applications - from resins to metals
• Transparent objects, such as glass, cannot be processed because lasers easily pass through them.
• It is easy to discolor the resin

Wavelength: 532 nm

The wavelength of the double-harmonic generation (SHG) laser is half of the standard wavelength (1064 nm). 532 nm is in the visible spectrum and is green. The wavelength is generated by emitting light with a wavelength of 1064 nm and passing through a nonlinear crystal to reduce the wavelength by half. The reason why YVO₄  medium is often used is that its beam characteristics are suitable for complex and delicate processing.

Typical characteristics of 532 nm wavelength lasers

• It can be absorbed by various materials, including gold with high reflectivity, and copper can also be easily processed.
• Because it has a smaller beam spot than IR lasers, it can perform fine processing.
• Generally, transparent objects cannot be processed.

Wavelength: 355 nm

The wavelength of the tripled (THG) laser is one-third of the fundamental wavelength of 1064 Nm, which is in the ultraviolet (UV) region of light. The fundamental wavelength is generated using a YVO₄ or YAG laser, then converted by a nonlinear crystal to 532 Nm, and then passed through a second nonlinear crystal to reduce the wavelength to 355 Nm.

Typical characteristics of 355 nm wavelength lasers

• Most materials have a very high absorption rate and do not generate excessive heat.
• The very small beam spot enables ultra-fine processing.
• Its high absorption rate affects the optical crystal, and it requires more maintenance costs and consumables than other wavelength lasers.